Chondrostega escobesae de Freina, Monasterio Léon, Antonietty & Vila, 2015


Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male in usual rest position (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male after eclosion (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.l. S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female (e.l. S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partiallly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partiallly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partiallly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partiallly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Only partiallly hatched eggs (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Freshly hatched L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 and L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 and L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 and L1 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae in late winter (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva in late winter (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larva in late winter (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L2 larvae in late winter (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L3 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L4 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L4 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L4 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L4 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: L4 larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Half-grown larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [M] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larva (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Dead larvae have beeen more common in the habitat than living ones at the end of larval time (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Cocoon (e.l. S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male cocoon (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female cocoon (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male cocoon on the left and female cocoon on the right (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Male pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Female pupa (e.o., S-Spain, Ronda, eggs on 6. October 2022) [S] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Egg batch on the right side of the dwarf shrub (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Still extreme dry larval habitat with egg batches waiting for humid weather and sprouting grasses (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Still extreme dry larval habitat with egg batches waiting for humid weather and sprouting grasses (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Still extreme dry larval habitat with egg batches waiting for humid weather and sprouting grasses (S-Spain, Ronda, 6. October 2022) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N] Chondrostega escobesae: Larval habitat (S-Spain, Ronda, late March 2019) [N]

Host plants:
The larvae are polyphagous in the herb layer on the ground (grasses and herbs or dwarf shrubs). The larvae prefer grasses more than larvae of C. vandalica.

Habitat:
Usually stony and dry mountain pastures, grasslands and areas with dwarf shrubs in medium-high altitudes. But there are also records from almost sea level from salt marshes (Cadiz).

Life cycle:
The moths occur in August and September. The flight time is probably triggered by cooler night temperatures because there is often no rain until the flight time. The wingless females construct typical egg batches along blades or twigs, also on dead branches near the ground. The eggs wait for humid conditions and the sprouting of grasses. They hatch in October and sometimes not before November, according to precipitation in autumn. The larvae feed in the sunshine and can be found until March or more rarely April. In the end of the larval time there are more and more sick and dead larvae (the healthy ones pupate soon) in the field (late March 2019). The larvae are active also during winter (except for frosty weather without sunshine and slight warmth during daytime). The cocoon is constructed in the soil.

Remarks:
Chondrostega escobesae occurs locally in some mountainous regions of southern Spain (ca. 800-1800m), especially in the provinces of Malaga, Granada and Jaen. But there are also records from coastal swamps in Cadiz province. Chondrostega vandalica (of which Chondrostega escobesae used to be a subspecies) occurs more in the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula.



Chondrostega vandalicia