Hadena vulcanica (Turati, 1907)


Hadena vulcanica: Female (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013 [S] Hadena vulcanica: Female (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013 [S] Hadena vulcanica: Male (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Male (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Adult (e.l. Olympus, Greece, larva in early August 2013) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Egg in artificial opened flower of Silene multicaulis (Mount Olympus, early August 2012) [M] Hadena vulcanica: Egg (detail, Olympus 2012) [M] Hadena vulcanica: Egg in artificial opened flower of Silene multicaulis (Mount Olympus, early August 2012) [M] Hadena vulcanica: Egg (some days old) in artificial opened flower of Silene multicaulis (Mount Olympus, early August 2012). The eggs are much smaller than those of the sympatrical Hadena caesia. [M] Hadena vulcanica: Young larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Young larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Young larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Young larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Young larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (Olympus, early August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus, August 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Head capsule of a half-grown larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva in penultimate instar (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva in penultimate instar (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva in penultimate instar (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva after last moult (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva after last moult (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Larva (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Comparison of Hadena vulcanica (top) and Hadena caesia (bottom), both e.l. Olymp 2012. Hadena vulcanica is smaller and also has a less broad head capsule  [S] Hadena vulcanica: Head [S] Hadena vulcanica: Head [S] Hadena vulcanica: Head [S] Hadena vulcanica: Pupa (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Pupa (e.l. Olympus 2012) [S] Hadena vulcanica: Silene multiflora, the host plant on Olympus at 2000m above sea level, August 2012 [M] Hadena vulcanica: Shoot of Silene multiflora, the host plant on Olympus at 2000m above sea level, August 2012 [M] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat with Silene multiflora at the edge of a Buxus shrub at mount Olympus in 2000m above sea level in August 2012. [N] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat on Olympus in 2000m above sea (August 2012) [N] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat on Olympus in 2000m above sea (August 2012) [N] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat on Olympus in 2200m above sea (August 2012) [N] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat on Olympus in 2200m above sea (August 2012) [N] Hadena vulcanica: Larval habitat on Olympus in 2000m above sea (August 2012) [N] Hadena vulcanica: Habitat on Olympus in 2000-2300m above sea, August 2012. [N]

Host plants:
The larvae mainly feed on flowers and seeds of Silene sp. I collected larvae of the Balkans subspecies Hadena vulcanica urumovi on/with Silene multicaulis.

Habitat:
Hadena vulcanica inhabits xeromontane places such as rocky slopes, stony and dry meadows and sunny, stony and dry clearings in very light mountain forests between 1000 and 2500 meters above sea level. Hadena vulcanica is mainly restricted to heights between 1500 and 2300m above sea level in Northern Greece.

Life cycle:
The pupa hibernates. The moth is on the wing between June and August according to sea height. I found numerous young larvae on Mount Olympus (Greece) between late July and early August 2012 between 1900 and 2200m above sea level. The later instars should be found until mid-September.

Oviposition occurs inside the flower (e.g. ovary, inner side of calyx). The egg is much smaller than the ovum of the syntopical Hadena caesia.

Remarks:
Hadena vulcanica is known from very few places in mountains of Southern Europe (central Spain: ss. expectata, Mount Etna on Sicily: nominate subspecies, southern Balkans: ssp. urumovi in Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece). The latter also occurs in Asia Minor (quite abundant in mountain ranges) and in southern Ukraine. The ssp expectata is very recently sometimes raised into species rank.



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